Ability, Opportunity, Jeopardy & The Five Elements: how two self-defense frameworks fit together.Spend enough time studying the law of armed self-defense and you will eventually run into two influential ways of thinking about when deadly force is justified. Massad Ayoob has spent decades teaching ability, opportunity and jeopardy—the AOJ triad. Attorney Andrew Branca, author of The Law of Self Defense, offers a five-point framework: innocence, imminence, proportionality, avoidance and reasonableness.More than a few gun owners have seen these as competing systems. Which one do you pick? But that’s the wrong question. AOJ and the five elements aren’t rivals. Rather, they are complementary frameworks and understanding how they fit together makes both more useful.The Five ElementsBranca’s framework starts with “innocence.” The person claiming self-defense cannot also be the unlawful aggressor who started the confrontation.“Imminence” asks whether the threatened harm is happening now or is about to happen. Self-defense law is preventive, not punitive or retaliatory. You cannot use deadly force today because someone threatened you last week, and you cannot keep using force once the threat has ended.“Proportionality” asks whether the force used matched the severity of the threat. Deadly force generally requires a threat of death or serious bodily injury,…

NEWYou can now listen to Fox News articles! Officials are monitoring renewed volcanic activity at one of Hawaii’s most popular tourist destinations as hundreds of earthquakes and rockfall risks prompt temporary trail closures.The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) issued a volcanic activity notice earlier this week for the Kīlauea volcano at Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, reporting renewed spattering at two vents following recent activity beneath the summit.The National Park Service (NPS) announced Wednesday that Halemaʻumaʻu Trail and part of Byron Ledge Trail would temporarily close amid increased seismic activity and concerns about rockfalls. The closures affect a combined 1.3 miles of trails.HUSBAND AND WIFE GET TRAPPED IN PREMIER HIKING DESTINATION; ONLY ONE OF THEM MAKES IT OUT ALIVEOver 200 shallow earthquakes were recorded beneath Kīlauea’s summit during the past week, according to the NPS, citing the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. A magnitude-3.4 earthquake on Sept. 30 caused small rockfalls along the caldera’s north wall.Kīlauea remained at an ORANGE aviation color code, the second-highest level on the USGS’ four-tier scale, as of Thursday.  The designation indicates heightened volcanic activity and the potential for an eruption, or an eruption underway with limited hazards to aviation.The intrusion, which occurred from Sept. 30 to Oct. 1, is…

It’s official: Dallas Cowboys head coach Brian Schottenheimer has the hottest seat in the NFL.Schottenheimer was stumped on the sideline at AT&T Stadium on Thursday night as his squad fell 24-16 to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, who entered the game 0-4 and started a rookie quarterback in his first career road game.This page may contain affiliate links to legal sports betting partners. If you sign up or place a wager, FOX News may be compensated. This content was created by a team that works independently from the FOX newsroom.Jalon Daniels was quite efficient against a reeling Cowboys defense, which came into this game as the third-worst in the league in terms of yards allowed per game (389.5) and fifth-worst in points allowed (28). The defensive side of the ball was a problem during Schottenheimer’s inaugural season leading the Cowboys in 2025, and with 34-year-old Christian Parker as defensive coordinator, it’s more of the same in 2026.CLICK HERE FOR MORE OUTKICK SPORTS COVERAGE The reason Schottenheimer’s seat is the hottest is because the man facing him on the opposite sideline came into Week 5 in that position first.Buccaneers head coach Todd Bowles is fighting for his job security after a brutal…

NEWYou can now listen to Fox News articles! New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani demanded that President Donald Trump end all ICE enforcement in the state after a federal agent shot an illegal immigrant in the Bronx on Thursday, sparking protests and confrontations with law enforcement.At a news conference late Thursday night, Mamdani condemned the shooting and said he spoke with Trump for about two hours following the incident.Mamdani said he urged Trump to have the man released – an effort that was unsuccessful – and said New York City wants ICE agents out.”All they do is terrorize this city,” the mayor said of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.ICE OFFICER SHOOTS, INJURES MAN DURING TARGETED IMMIGRATION OPERATION IN BRONX: DHS Mamdani also accused ICE of acting “with impunity” and spreading “chaos and terror” across the country, alleging that ICE has killed more people than it has saved.”Today’s shooting is only further devastating confirmation of what we have long known,” the mayor said.”ICE is rotten to its core,” he added.Mamdani also confirmed that the man who was shot has been transported out of the hospital by ICE agents.New York Gov. Kathy Hochul also said she spoke to Trump and Homeland Security…

With three of the four spots in the league championship series already clinched, Thursday night’s White Sox-Guardians matchup was the lone game on MLB’s postseason schedule. It gave Chicago an opportunity to end its long American League Championship Series drought.Instead, the White Sox came up short, falling 9-5 in Game 4. A victory would have sent Chicago to the ALCS for the first time in more than two decades. The team’s last appearance came in 2005.This page may contain affiliate links to legal sports betting partners. If you sign up or place a wager, FOX News may be compensated. This content was created by a team that works independently from the FOX newsroom.Cleveland’s two fifth-inning home runs powered the Guardians to their second straight win in the series and forced a decisive Game 5 on Saturday.MLB PROPOSES REVERTING SCHEDULE BACK TO ITS OLD WAYS, BUT NOT WITHOUT A WILD POSTSEASON TWIST The White Sox started fast, building on their 1-0 lead when Sam Antonacci’s sacrifice fly in the third inning extended it to 2-0.The Guardians quickly answered, with Patrick Bailey and José Ramírez hitting home runs in the top of the fifth inning. THE CRAIG CARTON SHOW–UNFILTERED, UNAPOLOGETIC AND UNMISSABLE.…

On Thursday, A’ja Wilson added another line to her already lengthy basketball resume, reaching yet another level of WNBA greatness by becoming the league’s first five-time MVP.The Las Vegas Aces superstar has claimed the coveted trophy for a third consecutive season, becoming the first player in league history to win three straight MVP awards. It marks her fourth MVP title in the past five years.Aces coach Becky Hammon believes Wilson’s résumé already places her among the greatest players in basketball. In addition to her WNBA accomplishments, Wilson won an NCAA Division I national championship at South Carolina.DREAM MOVE WITHIN ONE WIN OF FIRST WNBA FINALS APPEARANCE SINCE 2013 AFTER OVERTIME VICTORY “(As) I said, take her off Mount Rushmore — she’s Everest,” Hammon said earlier in the playoffs. “Now I’m taking her off Everest, and I have to put her on a different planet. She just has all of it.”Hammon also emphasized that talent alone does not guarantee the kind of sustained team and individual success Wilson has achieved. “Because you can be a really talented and skilled basketball player and not win as much as she has, and not become as individually great as she has.”Wilson may not have…

Man, it has not been a great run recently for former Dallas Cowboys star quarterback Tony Romo.Romo became the talk of the internet when he was arrested over the summer for operating a vehicle while intoxicated in Wisconsin. Police body cam footage of the arrest went viral, and his mugshot was quickly passed around, with a seemingly endless run of memes made about the 46-year-old.This page may contain affiliate links to legal sports betting partners. If you sign up or place a wager, FOX News may be compensated. This content was created by a team that works independently from the FOX newsroom.As one of CBS Sports’ lead football analysts, speculation immediately started about his future on television, with the network announcing that he’d been put on indefinite leave.SIGN UP FOR THE DAILY OUTKICK NEWSLETTER That leave turned into a permanent separation in early October, when news broke that the two sides had agreed to mutually part ways. Obviously, not the best news for Romo, who, while he started off hot, had recently come under criticism from fans for his analysis and was still owed tens of millions of dollars on his contract.Well, the news got even worse for him that…

A U.S. Army flight simulator at a barracks in Germany stands as a center of critical training for NATO’s aviation community.The U.S. Army Garrison Ansbach’s Stock Barracks in Illesheim houses the Illesheim Flight Simulator Complex, or IFSC, providing one-of-a-kind training opportunities ahead of the German Armed Forces preparing to field CH‑47F Block II Chinook helicopters next fall, according to an Army release.The IFSC, which is operated by U.S. Army Europe and Africa, provides the necessary training needed to prepare German forces to receive 60 of the heavy-lift, tandem-rotor helicopters, the release says.Two German Air Force pilots who will be part of the first cohort to fly the new aircraft once they arrive in fall 2027 recently trained at the IFSC. “In the simulator you can train all the scenarios you do not want to experience while flying a real aircraft,” said Lt. Col. L, a visiting pilot whose name was withheld, as is standard in the German Air Force, or Bundeswehr Luftwaffe. “Emergency procedures, challenging landings and extreme weather operations can all be practiced safely.”“Everything you can do in a real flight, you can also do in a simulator,” the other visiting pilot, Maj. H, said.The fleet will be stationed…

NEWYou can now listen to Fox News articles! Two Latvian nationals legally living in the United Kingdom were arrested under Section 4 of Britain’s National Security Act of 2023 on Thursday after breaching a perimeter fence at RAF Molesworth, a sensitive British military base housing critical U.S. and NATO intelligence operations, Reuters reported.The arrests triggered a major counterterrorism investigation into the security breach at the strategic installation, which serves as a central intelligence hub supporting American military commanders across Europe and Africa.The base is also undergoing a $556.5 million expansion centered on the Joint Intelligence Analysis Complex (JIAC), a facility designed to consolidate 20 intelligence facilities and accommodate more than 1,000 personnel, according to reports.The suspects, ages 32 and 36, were discovered inside the base around 2 a.m. Thursday following an extensive security sweep.Ministry of Defense Police officers conducting routine patrols first raised the alarm around 10 p.m. Wednesday after finding an abandoned vehicle near the perimeter.IRAN UNDER SCRUTINY AFTER PLOT FOILED NEAR UK BASE USED BY US MILITARY Bomb disposal specialists cleared the vehicle before armed officers discovered a fence breach and located the men inside.Initially detained on suspicion of trespass and criminal damage, both men were rearrested under…

A U.S. senator was recently denied access to the largest military installation in the Middle East, calling it a “cover-up” over the damage suffered during the Iran war.Sen. Chris Murphy, D-Conn., visited the Middle East this week on a Congressional Delegation trip, speaking with Gulf region leaders and visiting American facilities to assess damage done by the Iran war. Murphy was denied access to Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, which had suffered damage from drone strikes during the conflict.“They are using every tool they can, including withholding information about damages, slow walking the pace of reports about casualties and denying us access to see the damage as part of a campaign of cover-up, so as to mask the true cost of the war,” Murphy told reporters on Thursday.The “unprecedented” base denial prepared Murphy, a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and Defense Appropriations Committee, in the coming days to draft language that would explicitly require the Department of Defense to grant members of Congress access to military bases overseas under all circumstances if needed.“I don’t have any illusions that that’s going to pass between now and the end of the year, but I think that’ll be a really important…